Verb (analysis) । English Grammar Rules For All । Rules of Verb

Verb (analysis)

The word that indicates an action being done, happened or become is called a verb.

Verb

Finite

A))Principal

1/Transitive

a//Factitive
b//Quasi-passive

2/Intransitive

a// Linking
b// Cognate
c//Causative

B))Auxiliary

Non- Finite

1)Infinitive
a; Noun
b; Qualifying

2)Gerund

3)Participle

a;Present
b; Past
c;Perfect

Classification of Verbs
There are mainly two types of Verbs:

a. Finite Verb
b. Non-finite verb

a. Finite verb:
It completes the expression underlying in a sentence, that is, makes the sentence a fully meaningful one.

I wanted to go there.

b. Non-finite verb:

It can never complete the expression of a sentence.
I wanted to go there
When walking on the street I saw a laughing boy.
Swimming in the sea is dangerous for one who has no previous experience.

Finite Verbs are again classified as

a.    Principal verb:

It is the main verb describing an action. If there is only one Finite Verb in a sentence, it is certainly a
principal Verb.
Sathi was unhappy experiencing the global financial crisis.
Manik criticized the wrong step taken on the Tipaimukh issue.

b. Auxiliary verb:
It is used to assist the Principal verbs to describe the action perfectly in different situations. Masud was waiting for the spring to arrive.
All the bad situation had been solved by the dean.

Principal verbs can be of two following types:
a. Transitive Verb
b. Intransitive Verb

a. Transitive verb:
It is the type of principal verb that requires an object to clear the sense of the sentence.
Palash prepared this sheet.

b. Intransitive verb:
It is the principal verb that doesn‖t need any object to clear the expression of the sentence.
Dog barks.

There are some other types of verbs that are used according to some specified conditions:

a. Causative Verb:
It is used to indicate that one subject causes another person to do something (for the first person).
My father bought me a pen.

b. Copulative/Linking Verb:
It shows the relation between subjects and complement, which means, in such cases the subject and the complement is the same person or object.
The man went mad.

c. Factitive Verb:
This verb needs two objects to make the sentence a fully meaningful one.
We made him captain.

d. Cognate Verb:
It is the verb which is thought to be originated from the object or the object is thought to be
originated from the verb.
Last night, I dreamt a sweet dream.
* What kind of verb is the word ‘went’ in the following
sentence: The dog went mad- Admission test 1998-99 (DU)
A. Transitive verb B. Causative verb
C. Factitive verb D. Copulative verb
Answer: D

Exercise: Verb
1. The American dancer Maria Tall ____ the first prominent in Europe.
A. to become B. become C. has become D. became
2. Weavers are social birds that ____ complex nests housing hundreds of families.
A. build B. are built C. are building D. built
3. By 1790, rice ____ an important crop in the south.
A. being B. has been C. was D. was being
4. Porous rocks such as chalk and sandstone allow water ____ through them
A. soaks B. is soaked C. to soak D. can soak
5. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ___ the first air conditioning system for trains in 1931.
A. has installed B. installed
C. to have installed D. installing
6. Chromium ____ in the manufacture of stainless steel.
A. using B. is used C. uses D. is using
7. All animals ____ on other animals or plants.

Finite Non- Finite
Principal
Auxiliary
Transitive
Intransitive
Factitive
Quasi-passive
Linking
Cognate
Causative
Infinitive
Gerund Participle
Noun Qualifying
Present Past Perfect

Verb
A. feed B. feeds C. fed D. feeding
8. Sarah Knight ____ a fascinating account of a journey she made form Boston to New York in 1704.
A. written B. write C. wrote D. writing
9. Computers and new methods of communication ____ revolutionized the modern office.
A. have B. to have C. that have D. has
10. A cupful of stagnant water may ____ millions of microorganisms.
A. contains B. to contain C. contain D. containing
11. In 1989, the space probe voyager 2 ____ to the planet Neptune.
A. fly B. having flown C. flying D. flew
12. R.M. Bartlett of Philadelphia ____ the first private business college in the united states in 1843.
A. founding B. founded C. was founded D. founds

Answer Keys:
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.B

Usage of Causative Verbs:

Causative Verb:
* Here, subject doesn’t do the work itself but make other do it.

For example:
I feed the guests.
In this case, subject is not eating by herself; rather some other guests are eating.
She showed me a photo.
Again now, she did not see the photo by herself; instead, she showed another person the photo.

Some verbs have direct causative forms of their own. A brief chart is shown below:

Active Causative Form
See Show
Eat Feed
Know Inform
Remember Remind
Dive Sink
Suck Suckle
Lie Lay
Fall Fell
Rise Raise
Learn Teach
Hang Hang
The verbs that do not have direct causative forms have to be altered into causatives through using let, make, help, have, get verbs.

In brief,
1. let/make/ help + person/thing + verb word (base form).
Again,
help + person/thing + to + verb word.
2. Have + person + verb word (base form). + thing + past participle of verb, V3
3. Get + person + to + verb word + thing + past participle of verb, V3

‘Make’ Verb
Remember that MAKE can be used as a causative. In a causative, a person does not perform an action directly. The person causes it to happen by forcing another person to do it.
S +make +person+ verb+ word
His mother made him take his medicine
S make thing verb word
I made the machine work
Avoid using an infinitive or an-ing form instead of a verb word
after a person or thing in a causative with MAKE.

Example:
Incorrect : She made the baby to take a nap.
Correct : She made the baby take a nap.
Incorrect : Professor Rogers didn’t make us typed up our lab reports.
Correct : Professor Rogers didn’t make us type up our lab reports.
Incorrect : Are you going to make your daughter to work
part time in the store this summer?
Correct : Are you going to make your daughter work part
time in the store this summer?
Incorrect : I can’t seem to make this dishwasher running
Correct : I can’t seem to make this dishwasher run.
Incorrect : Patsy makes everyone doing his share around house.
Correct : Patsy makes everyone do his share around the house.

Exercises:
1. Choose the correct answer.
Psychologists believe that incentives —– to increase our productivity.
A. make us want B. make us to want
C. making us want D. makes us wanting

‘Get’ Verb:
Remember that GET can be used as causative. GET has less force and authority than MAKE.
S +GET+ person +to + V
Let’s get Faiyaz to go with us
S GET thing past participle
Let’s get our car fixed first
Avoid using a verb word instead of an infinitive after a person in a
causative with GET. Avoid using a verb word instead of a past
participle after things in a causative with GET.

Examples:
Incorrect : Do you think that we can get Moin takes us to San Diego?
Correct : Do you think that we can get Moin to take us to San Diego?
Incorrect : I want to get house paint before winter.
Correct : I want to get the house painted before winter.
Incorrect : Let’s get some of our money exchange for dollars.
Correct : Let’s get some of our exchanged for dollars.
Incorrect : We will have to get someone fixing the phone right away.
Correct : We will have to get someone to fix the phone right away.

Exercises:
1. Choose the correct answer.
Lobbyists who represent special interest groups get —– that benefits their groups.
A. congress to pass the legislation
B. Congress passed the legislation
C. the legislation to pass by Congress.
D. Any of them can be used

Have’ Verb
Remember that HAVE can be used as a causative. HAVE has even less force and authority than GET.
S +have +person +verb +word
My English teacher had us give oral reports
S have thing past participle
I want to have this book renewed please
Avoid using an infinitive or an-ing form instead of a verb word
after a person in a causative with HAVE. Avoid using a verb
word or infinitive instead of a participle after a thing in a causative with HAVE.

Exercises:
1. Choose the correct answer. Like humans, zoo animals must have a dentist to have their teeth —–
A. fill B. filled C. filling D. to be filled
Part B: Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.

2. Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.
A Most presidential candidates
B have their names
C print on the ballot
D in the New Hampshire primary election because it is customarily the first one in the nation, and winning it can give
them a good chance to be nominated by their parties.
E No error
Correct Answer: 1.B 2.C

‘Let’ Verb
Remember that LET can be used as a causative. With LET a person gives permission for another person to do it.
S+ LET+ someone +verb +word
His mother let him go to school
S LET someone verb word
I am letting this machine cool
Avoid using an infinitive or an -ing form instead a verb word
after a person or thing in a causative with LET.

Example:
Incorrect : Would you let us to borrow your notes?
Correct : Would you let us borrow your notes?
Incorrect : Don’t let that bothers you.
Correct : Don’t let that bother you.

Exercises:

1. Choose the correct answer.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service often —- their
visas if they fill up the appropriate papers.
A. lets students extend B. lets students for extend.
C. letting students to extend D. lets students extending
E. Any of them can be used

2. Choose the incorrect word or phrase and correct it.
B The National Basketball Association will not let any athlete playing
A to continue in the league unless he submits
C voluntarily to treatment for
D drug addiction
E No error
Correct Answer: 1.A 2.A

‘Help’ Verb
Remember that HELP can be used as a causative. In a causative,
a person does assist another to do it.
S +Help+ perosn +Verb/ to+Verb
He is helping me type/to type my paper
Avoid using an-ing form instead of a verb word or an infinitive after a person in a causative with HELP

Example:
Incorrect : My teacher helped me getting this job.
Correct : My teacher helped me get/to get this job.